toxicant
This is the preferred term for a substance that is considered to be toxic under circumstances which are thought likely to happen.
The term "toxicant" was found in the following pages:
Link database: Toxipedia: Cadmium
Link database: Australian Guidelines for Water Quality Monitoring and Reporting (2000)
Agilent e-Seminar: A Metallomics Approach for Analysis of Biological and Environmental Compounds via ICP-MS | EVISA's Agenda of Events
ICCE 2009: 12th EuCheMS International Conference on Chemistry and the Environment | EVISA's Agenda of Events
Journals database: Reviews in Toxicology