parenteral nutrition

The intravenous administration of nutrients, through a central or peripheral vein. This mode of nutrition is done to bypass the normal route of nutrition via the gastrointestinal tract when the intestinal tract is nonfunctional. This could be as simple as carbohydrate calories delivered as simple sugar in an intravenous solution or all of the required nutrients (total parenteral nutrition) could be delivered including carbohydrate, protein, fat, electrolytes (for example sodium and potassium), vitamins and trace elements (for example copper and zinc).