General
Compact, bench-mounted, simultaneous Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES) with axially or radially viewed plasma, free running air-cooled, 40 MHz RF generator, purged echelle polychromator and thinned back-illuminated MegaPixel (MPX) Charge Coupled Device (CCD) detector.
Sample Nebulization and Introduction
Standard features
Sample introduction
The axial sample introduction system features a glass cyclonic-action spraychamber with glass concentric nebulizer and one-piece quartz torch with an extended outer tube that excludes atmospheric gases. Torch geometry is optimized for high precision and sensitivity at low flows and low power. The radial sample introduction system is ideal for samples with high dissolved solids and free HF. It consists of a double-pass, Sturman-Masters spraychamber and v-groove nebulizer manufactured from inert, polymeric materials.
Spraychamber wash-out
The sample introduction system is designed for rapid washout. Four orders (10,000 x) signal washout can be achieved for most elements in less than 45 seconds.
Gas flow control
Nebulizer gas–choose from manual high precision pressure regulator or computer controlled Mass Flow Controller
(MFC).
Nebulizer gas 0-1.3 L/min in 0.1 L/min increments (MFC).
Plasma gas 0-22.5 L/min in 1.5 L/min increments.
Auxiliary gas 0-2.25 L/min in 0.75 L/min increments.
Peristaltic pump options
Choose from built-in 2 or 3 channel, 10 roller peristaltic pump under full PC control including Fast Pump™ facility to improve productivity. Fast Pump operates the pump at full speed during the defined sample uptake period to improve sample throughput. The 3 channel PC controlled peristaltic pump allows for addition of reagents or internal standards.
Pumped drain
The peristaltic pump automatically drains the spraychamber outlet to waste.
Options
Argon humidifier
An Argon Saturation Accessory (ASA) is available as an option. The ASA humidifies the nebulizer gas to reduce nebulizer and injector tube blockage from high salt solutions.
Radio Frequency Generator
RF Generator
Vista-MPX features a 40 MHz air-cooled free running RF generation system. It has no moving parts, for enhanced reliability. Power output is selectable from 0.7 to 1.5 kW
Power efficiency
DIrect Serial Coupling (DISC™) provides over 75% power transfer efficiency into the plasma by eliminating the need for inefficient secondary matching networks.
Power stability
Output power stability is provided via a Direct Power Control™ system. Power output stability is better than 0.1%.
Plasma Ignition and Viewing
Radially Viewed System Vertically oriented, radially viewed plasma is ideal for high dissolved solids (up to 30% TDS) applications, providing immediate venting of excess heat and plasma emissions to overhead exhaust ventilation. Includes full PC control of plasma viewing height from 0-20 mm and horizontal adjustment of ± 3 mm to optimize sensitivity and minimize interferences. Viewing height may be adjusted under PC control on a per wavelength basis.
Axially Viewed System Horizontal, axially viewed plasma is ideal for high sensitivity analyses. Provides a 5-10 fold improvement in detection limits compared to radial viewing. The axially viewed plasma system features a unique Cooled Cone Interface (CCI) with a patented Anti-Arcing Resonance Coil (AARC) to eliminate the cooler plasma tail from being viewed by the optics. This reduces interferences and improves the system’s tolerance to high dissolved solids (up to 5% for continuous daily operation). The CCI is a superior alternative to the use of an expensive and
inefficient shear gas. The CCI provides extended dynamic range compared to conventional axial systems. Includes full X, Y adjustment of plasma viewing position under PC control.
Plasma Ignition
Igniting and extinguishing the plasma is fully automatic and under PC control.
Optics System
Echelle Polychromator
For reliability and stability, the thermostatted echelle spectrometer has no moving optical parts. The echelle polychromator has a focal length of 400 mm and is thermostatted to 35 °C. It features a CaF2 prism cross disperser and echelle grating (94.74 lines/mm) creating an echellogram of 70 orders projected onto the MPX megapixel CCD detector. The polychromator can be purged with either nitrogen or argon.
• Standard purge 0.7 L/min
• A boost purge of 3 L/min for sub 189 nm operation is PC controlled
Polychromator features in-line purge gas filter as standard.
Wavelength Calibration
Periodic wavelength recalibration based on plasma argon emission lines is automatic. This eliminates the need for Hg or Ne lamps that require warm-up and periodic replacement.
MPX Megapixel CCD Detector
The MPX megapixel CCD detector features 1.12 million pixels, each 15 microns x 15 microns, in an X-Y grid array for full wavelength coverage. The detector is thinned and back illuminated for enhanced Quantum Efficiency (QE) in the UV. The detector is mounted on a two stage peltier device and cooled to –30°C for low dark current and improved stability in routine operation. With 1.12 million pixels available, the Vista-MPX covers the wavelength range from 175 nm to 785 nm. Any of the 32 000+ wavelengths in the software wavelength database can be selected. With the ability to choose any wavelength, the Vista-MPX features MultiCal, which extends the linear dynamic range of ICP-OES from parts per billion levels to percentage levels. Unlike dual view systems, Vista-MPX with MultiCal provides this linear dynamic range without having to analyze the sample twice. By comparing results at two or more wavelengths MultiCal provides automatic results confirmation.
Detector Integration
Modes AutoIntegration allows intense and trace signals to be measured simultaneously at the optimum Signal to Background Ratio (SBR). Vista automatically allocates an integration time to each of the selected wavelengths–more intense peaks are allocated shorter integration times and less intense peaks are allocated longer times.
Blooming Protection
The Vista-MPX features anti-blooming protection on each pixel using buried channel implants between detector rows and Clocked Recombination System (CRS) between pixels on the same row. This enables the simultaneous measurement of trace level analytes in the presence of nearby overrange signals.
Wavelength Range
The Vista-MPX covers the 175-785 nm wavelength range. Vista’s wavelength selection flexibility allows minor and major elements to be determined simultaneously in a single measurement without the need for dual viewing or having to re-analyze the samples. Alternative wavelengths can be selected to minimize spectral interferences and as a cross check to increase confidence in the results.
Stray Light Performance
Stray light elimination via baffles and optical design to less than 2.0 ppm effective As signal at 193.696 nm from 10 000 ppm Ca.
Signal Stability
Typically stable to less than 1% RSD over 20 hours without internal standardization or any form of drift correction.
ICP-Expert™ Software and PC control
PC Control The entire Vista simultaneous ICP-OES is computer controlled using Varian’s ICP-Expert system software. Full PC control includes all gas flows (nebulizer gas flow with optional mass flow controller), plasma viewing height (radial) or X-Y torch position (axial), ignition, RF power, safety interlocks and utilities monitoring.
Operating System
ICP-Expert software is compatible with Windows® 98/2000 and Windows® NT4 .
User Interface
ICP-Expert software is based on Varian’s award winning worksheet concept. Analytical results are presented in a spreadsheet format of samples (rows) and elements/wavelengths (columns). Each worksheet cell provides the concentration, intensity, precision and replicates data for each sample and element result with a simple click of the mouse. Data columns can be hidden to simplify display. Other software features include comprehensive multi-media on-line Help with video training materials, for ease of use and enhanced productivity.
Results Storage and Processing
All results, operating conditions and sequence information for a sample batch are stored in a single worksheet file for future retrieval. Results can be reported and displayed in concentration or intensity formats. Weight and volume correction factors can be applied before or after the analysis. Full units conversion facilities are available to allow separate reporting of calibration standards in one set of units, while reporting sample results in another set of user definable units. Automatic spectral interference correction calculations are provided as standard.
Signal Displays
ICP-Expert features powerful graphics capabilities. All spectra are viewed in real time and spectra can be scrolled through, up to 12 spectra at a time. Features graphics cursor. Spectra may be stored in both text and scalable graphics format and spectra of the same wavelength may be overlaid. Features full calibration graphics display with %RSD displayed for each point and full calibration ‘goodness of fit’ table can be viewed and printed for each wavelength. A time-scan mode for optimization of multiple wavelengths with respect to time is also included.
Analytical Calibration
Techniques Features a choice of linear or quadratic algorithms for calibration with up to 34 standards per element. Select standards in any order and combination. Select weighted fit and force through zero and specify limits on calibration residuals, curvature limits and error actions in case of failure. The unique MultiCal feature extends the linear calibration range for an element by specifying valid calibration ranges for each analytical line, allowing trace or major levels to be determined without the need for dual view optics. MultiCal can be used to exclude results outside specified concentration ranges from display. Vista-MPX includes periodic calibration re-sloping. Simply select a calibration standard for each element for periodic measurement to achieve fast adjustment of the calibration slope without full re-calibration.
Wavelength Database
ICP-Expert provides a built in, on-line wavelength database of 32 000+ lines.
Spectral Background Correction
Off-peak background correction using either single or dual points with a linear interpolation. Background correction points can be adjusted by clicking and dragging. The unique, automatic fitted background technique uses iterative Gaussian curves to model the analyte and nearby interferences.
Spectral Background Subtraction
ICP-Expert features Varian’s patented FACT (Fast Automated Curve-fitting Technique) software which provides online spectral deconvolution to resolve complex spectra. FACT uses gaussian peak models of the analyte and interferences to deconvolve the spectra using linear least-squares regression techniques. FACT works in real time during the analysis and unlike other multicomponent spectral fitting techniques, FACT does not cause any delays during
the analysis. The FACT modelling is easily established either prior to the analysis or retrospectively after the analysis.
Quality Control Protocols
Varian’s ICP-Expert software provides a user-customizable Quality Control Protocol (QCP) software package, designed to meet US EPA requirements. Other international compliance standards can be easily met by customizing QCP and further flexibility is provided from a simple equation editor. This programming capability allows complete flexibility to meet current or future needs.
Retrospective Editing
Ability to alter processing conditions post-run using the Retrospective function. Replicates can be masked in or out of calculations for all solutions along with calibration standard concentrations, choice of algorithm, maximum and minimum allowable concentration ranges and other settings can all be edited retrospectively. You can also change the background correction technique used, the background correction point positions and the application of FACT spectral deconvolution.
Instrument Status and Diagnostics
This displays a graphical representation of all major instrument modules and their status. It includes built-in service diagnostics for access by your Varian-qualified service engineer.
Remote Service Diagnostics
Vista-MPX simultaneous ICP-OES is fully compatible with Varian’s TeleDiagnostics™ remote servicing program. With Varian’s Telediagnostics, complete instrument control via a remote modem and up- or down-loading of all worksheet files is possible for remote service diagnosis, applications and methods development. In many countries this service may be quoted as an extra cost option.
Networking
Compatible with Windows® 98/2000 and Windows® NT4 compatible network systems.
Minimum PC
Pentium ® II processor, 166 MHz with 32 Mbytes of RAM, 1 Gigabyte hard drive, 16 speed CD-ROM or DVD, 16 bit sound card, super VGA monitor with high color (16 bit) display, 800 x 600 resolution, 101 keyboard and mouse, including at least one PCI compatible slot for I/O card, Windows® 98/2000 and Windows® NT4 (must include Internet Explorer 4 or higher).
Recommended PC and Printer
Pentium III ® processor with 128 Mbytes of RAM, 10 Gigabyte hard drive, 16 speed CD-ROM or DVD, 16 bit sound card, super VGA monitor with high color (16 bit) display, 800 x 600 resolution, 101 keyboard and mouse, one PCI compatible slot for I/O card, Windows® 98/2000 and Windows® NT4 (must include Internet Explorer 4 or higher). Compatible laser printer recommended.
Note that the recommended PC requirements are current at the time of printing.
Optional Accessories
Vista-MPX is fully compatible with the VGA-77P Vapor Generation Accessory™ permitting the determination of hydride forming elements in a range of samples. The VGA-77P features ‘plug-in’ plumbing modules that allow the modules to be dedicated to specific hydride chemistries. In this way fast connection and disconnection can be achieved, and modules for elements with incompatible chemistries, such as As and Se, can be separated to avoid cross-contamination.
Organics Kit
Vista-MPX is fully compatible with Varian’s Volatile Organics Kit for ICP which includes a water cooled spraychamber and demountable torch with ceramic injector. The water-cooled spraychamber requires, but does not include, a suitable water cooler. The Auxiliary Gas Module (AGM-1) for controlled addition of oxygen to the auxiliary gas is also available separately.
Autosampler and Diluter
Capacity and rack options
The Varian Sample Preparation System™ (SPS-5) has a capacity of up to 500 solutions or 400 samples and a dedicated rack for standards and/or QC solutions. Five different rack types are available, including racks for 10 mL, 25 mL and 50 mL test tubes and 150 or 500 mL standard/QC racks. Low cost, plastic rack overlays are also available for the 25 mL rack to adjust the hole dimensions to suit variations in test tube diameters. All SPS-5 racks feature Magnetic Rack Recognition so that the presence and type of each rack can be automatically verified by the software during an automatic analysis sequence.
Random access sampling
The SPS-5 autosampler provides complete random access sampling. The software visually shows the complete layout of all samples and QC solutions in the racks. This includes identification of the sample label, QC solutions and standard locations.
Dilution and sample preparation The SPS-5 is compatible with an on-line auto-diluter for automatic overrange dilution. Vista automatically and serially dilutes the samples until the analyte result is within range, with 3 serial dilutions possible for any overrange element. Racks may be dedicated to empty test tubes for dilutions or empty tubes may be placed at the end of sample racks. The full wavelength coverage of the Vista also provides easy access to less sensitive analytical lines as
a quick alternative to dilution.
Additional Accessories
The Vista-MPX simultaneous ICP-OES is compatible with a range of additional sample introduction accessories
including:
• ultrasonic nebulizers
• micro-concentric nebulizers
Torches, Nebulizers and Spares Varian offers a range of torches, nebulizers, spraychambers, tubings and other spares.
Safety
UV Protection Plasma compartment viewing window blocks UV radiation.
Safety Interlocks The Vista-MPX automatically and safely shuts down the plasma in the event of:
• low argon pressure to plasma or detector
• plasma compartment door open
• power failure
• cooling water failure to detector or work coil
Features external emergency RF power disable switch for rapid manual shut-down of plasma. Includes automatic over-voltage and over-current protection on high voltage power supply.
Installation Requirements
For full details, refer to the Vista-MPX pre-installation manual, part number 8510184400.
Environment specifications
The Vista-MPX is only suitable for indoor use under the following categories
(EN 61010-1):
• Installation category II
• Pollution Degree 2
• Safety Class 1
Environmental installation specifications for operation are:
• 0-3030 m (0-10 000 ft) altitude, 10-35 °C, 8-80% relative humidity, non-condensing
Full instrument installation instructions are provided free of charge prior to installation.
Fume Extraction
Spectrometer must be located under an extraction system that provides a minimum flow of 6 cubic metres per minute (200 cfm) at 16 mm water gauge static pressure. The exhaust must be ducted to an external vent.
Dimensions
Width Depth Height Weight
Unpacked 1375 mm 720 mm 992 mm 226 kg
54.5” 28.5” 39” 500 lb
Packed 1660 mm 960 mm 1420 mm 325 kg
65.5” 37.8” 56” 716.5 lb
Cooling Water Requirements
Water treatment Vista is supplied with in-built water filtration for water supply from a water cooler.
Axial Instrument Requires a water cooling system to the following specifications:
Minimum cooling capacity 1 kW
Minimum flow rate 0.8 L/min (0.2 gpm)
Minimum inlet pressure 55 kPa (8.0 psi)
Maximum inlet pressure 310 kPa (45 psi)
Maximum inlet temperature 25 °C (77 °F)
Radial Instrument Requires a water cooling system to the following specifications:
Minimum cooling capacity 300 W
Minimum flow rate 0.8 L/min (0.2 gpm)
Minimum inlet pressure 55 kPa (8.0 psi)
Maximum inlet pressure 310 kPa (45 psi)
Maximum inlet temperature 25 °C (77 °F)
Gas Requirements
Liquid argon recommended, purity 99.996% for plasma gases. Permissible pressure range 400-600 kPa (57-88 psi),
recommended pressure 550 kPa (80 psi) regulated. Required flow rates from 0.7-32 L/min. Optics purging with
nitrogen will reduce the total argon flow required by up to 3.7 L/min.
Electrical Requirements
Required Supply Voltage Nominal Rating
Instrument
208, 220, 240 VAC, ±10% 5.1 kVA
230 VAC +14% -6 %
230 VAC +6 % -14%
Frequency 50 or 60 Hz ± 1 Hz
Water cooler
220-240 VAC, 50 Hz 2400 VA
115/230 VAC, 60 Hz 2100 VA
(Typical)
SPS-5 Autosampler
100, 120, 220, 240 VAC +10% 80 VA
230 VAC +14% -6%
Frequency 49-61 Hz
VGA-77P 100, 120, 220, 240 VAC, +10% 24 VA
230 VAC +14% -6%
Frequency 49-61 Hz
Personal Computer
115, 120, 220, 240 VAC 50/60 Hz 300 VA
(Typical)
Laser Printer
115, 120, 220, 240 VAC, 50/60 Hz 85 VA
(Typical)
